05 Java IO网络

网络操作

https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/88414741

1 网络编程基础

Java 中的网络支持：

• InetAddress：用于表示网络上的硬件资源，即 IP 地址；
• URL：统一资源定位符；
• Sockets：使用 TCP 协议实现网络通信；
• Datagram：使用 UDP 协议实现网络通信。

InetAddress

没有公有的构造函数，只能通过静态方法来创建实例。

InetAddress.getByName(String host);
InetAddress.getByAddress(byte[] address);

URL

可以直接从 URL 中读取字节流数据。

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

    URL url = new URL("http://www.baidu.com");

    /* 字节流 */
    InputStream is = url.openStream();

    /* 字符流 */
    InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is, "utf-8");

    /* 提供缓存功能 */
    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);

    String line;
    while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
        System.out.println(line);
    }

    br.close();
}

Sockets

• ServerSocket：服务器端类
• Socket：客户端类
• 服务器和客户端通过 InputStream 和 OutputStream 进行输入输出。

Datagram

• DatagramSocket：通信类
• DatagramPacket：数据包类

2 BIO Socket编程

public class PlainOioServer {

    public void serve(int port) throws IOException {
        final ServerSocket socket = new ServerSocket(port);     //1
        try {
            for (;;) {
                final Socket clientSocket = socket.accept();    //2
                System.out.println("Accepted connection from " + clientSocket);

                new Thread(new Runnable() {                        //3
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        OutputStream out;
                        try {
                            out = clientSocket.getOutputStream();
                            out.write("Hi!\r\n".getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));                            //4
                            out.flush();
                            clientSocket.close();                //5

                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                            try {
                                clientSocket.close();
                            } catch (IOException ex) {
                                // ignore on close
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }).start();                                        //6
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3 NIO Socket编程

public class NIOServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        Selector selector = Selector.open();

        ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        ssChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        ssChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);

        ServerSocket serverSocket = ssChannel.socket();
        InetSocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8888);
        serverSocket.bind(address);

        while (true) {

            selector.select();
            Set<SelectionKey> keys = selector.selectedKeys();
            Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = keys.iterator();

            while (keyIterator.hasNext()) {

                SelectionKey key = keyIterator.next();

                if (key.isAcceptable()) {

                    ServerSocketChannel ssChannel1 = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();

                    // 服务器会为每个新连接创建一个 SocketChannel
                    SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel1.accept();
                    sChannel.configureBlocking(false);

                    // 这个新连接主要用于从客户端读取数据
                    sChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);

                } else if (key.isReadable()) {

                    SocketChannel sChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
                    System.out.println(readDataFromSocketChannel(sChannel));
                    sChannel.close();
                }

                keyIterator.remove();
            }
        }
    }

    private static String readDataFromSocketChannel(SocketChannel sChannel) throws IOException {

        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        StringBuilder data = new StringBuilder();

        while (true) {

            buffer.clear();
            int n = sChannel.read(buffer);
            if (n == -1) {
                break;
            }
            buffer.flip();
            int limit = buffer.limit();
            char[] dst = new char[limit];
            for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
                dst[i] = (char) buffer.get(i);
            }
            data.append(dst);
            buffer.clear();
        }
        return data.toString();
    }
}

public class NIOClient {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8888);
        OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
        String s = "hello world";
        out.write(s.getBytes());
        out.close();
    }
}